Niba usuye uruganda rugezweho ukareba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitangaje kukazi mu kagari gaterana, uzabona ibyuma bitandukanye byerekana. Byinshi muri ibyo byuma bifata ibyuma bifite insinga zitandukanye zo gutanga amashanyarazi meza, hasi hamwe na signal. Gukoresha ingufu zituma sensor ikora akazi kayo, yaba ibyo kureba niba hari ibyuma bya ferromagnetic hafi cyangwa kohereza urumuri rumuri murwego rwumutekano wikigo. Imashini zicisha bugufi zitera izo sensor, nka urubingo, rukeneye insinga ebyiri gusa kugirango rukore akazi kazo. Izi sisitemu zikora ukoresheje magnetiki.
Guhindura Urubingo ni iki?
Urubingo rwavutse mu 1936. Byari ubwonko bwa WB Ellwood muri Laboratwari ya Bell Telephone, kandi bwabonye ipatanti mu 1941. Ihinduranya isa na capsule ntoya yikirahure ifite amashanyarazi ayobora kuri buri mpera.
Nigute Urubingo ruhindura?
Uburyo bwo guhinduranya bugizwe na ferromagnetic ebyiri, itandukanijwe na microne nkeya. Iyo rukuruzi yegereye ibyo byuma, ibyuma byombi bikururana. Bimaze gukoraho, ibyuma bifunga bisanzwe bifungura (OYA), bituma amashanyarazi atemba. Guhindura urubingo bimwe na bimwe birimo na ferromagnetic itumanaho, ikora ibisohoka bisanzwe (NC). Magnet yegereje izahagarika itumanaho kandi ikure kure yo guhinduranya.
Guhuza byubatswe mubyuma bitandukanye, harimo tungsten na rhodium. Ubwoko bumwebumwe bukoresha mercure, bugomba kubikwa muburyo bukwiye kugirango uhindure neza. Ibahasha yikirahure yuzuye gaze ya inert - ubusanzwe azote - ifunga imikoranire kumuvuduko wimbere munsi yikirere kimwe. Gufunga bitandukanya imibonano, irinda kwangirika hamwe nigishashi icyo aricyo cyose gishobora guturuka kumigendere.
Urubingo Hindura Porogaramu Mubyukuri
Uzasangamo sensor mubintu bya buri munsi nkimodoka nimashini zo kumesa, ariko hamwe mubigaragara cyane iyi switch / sensor ikora ni mubimenyesha abajura. Mubyukuri, gutabaza nibisabwa hafi yikoranabuhanga. Idirishya cyangwa umuryango wimukanwa birimo magnet, kandi sensor iba kumurongo, ikanyuza ikimenyetso kugeza igihe rukuruzi ikuweho. Idirishya rifunguye - cyangwa nihagira umuntu uca umugozi - impuruza izumvikana.
Mugihe impuruza yibye ari uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya urubingo, ibyo bikoresho birashobora kuba bito. Imashini ntoya izahuza ibikoresho byubuvuzi byinjiye bizwi nka PillCams. Umurwayi amaze kumira utuntu duto, umuganga arashobora kuyikora akoresheje rukuruzi hanze yumubiri. Uku gutinda kuzigama imbaraga kugeza iperereza rishyizwe neza, bivuze ko bateri zo mu ndege zishobora kuba ntoya, ikintu gikomeye mubintu byagenewe kunyura mumyanya yumubiri. Usibye ubunini bwacyo, iyi porogaramu irerekana kandi uburyo ishobora kumva, kuko ibyo byuma bifata amajwi bishobora gufata imbaraga za rukuruzi binyuze mumubiri wabantu.
Guhindura urubingo ntibisaba rukuruzi ihoraho kugirango ikore; amashanyarazi ya electromagnet arashobora kuyifungura. Kubera ko Bell Labs yabanje guteza imbere ibyo byahinduwe, ntibitangaje kuba uruganda rwa terefone rwifashishije urubingo rwo kugenzura no kwibuka kugeza igihe ibintu byose byagiye biba digitale mu myaka ya za 90. Ubu bwoko bwa relay ntibukiri umusingi wa sisitemu yitumanaho, ariko biracyagaragara mubindi bikorwa byinshi muri iki gihe.
Ibyiza byurubingo
Ibyuma byerekana ingaruka za Hall ni igikoresho gikomeye gishobora kumenya imirima ya magneti, kandi ni bumwe muburyo bwo guhinduranya urubingo. Ingaruka zamazu zirakwiriye rwose mubikorwa bimwe na bimwe, ariko guhinduranya urubingo biranga amashanyarazi arenze kuri mugenzi wabo ukomeye, kandi bahura n’amashanyarazi make kubera guhuza. Byongeye kandi, urubingo ruhinduranya rushobora gukorana na voltage zitandukanye, imizigo hamwe ninshuro, nkuko imikorere ikora gusa nkumugozi uhujwe cyangwa waciwe. Ubundi, uzakenera gushyigikira umuzenguruko kugirango ushoboze sensor ya Hall gukora akazi kabo.
Guhindura urubingo biranga ubwizerwe buhebuje kuburyo bwo guhinduranya imashini, kandi barashobora gukora miriyari yizunguruka mbere yo kunanirwa. Byongeye kandi, kubera ubwubatsi bwabo bufunze, barashobora gukorera ahantu haturika aho ikibatsi gishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. Guhindura urubingo birashobora kuba tekinoroji ishaje, ariko ntibiri kera. Urashobora gukoresha paki zirimo urubingo rwahinduwe kurubaho rwacapwe (PCBs) ukoresheje imashini zitoragura-hamwe.
Inyubako yawe itaha irashobora guhamagarira imiyoboro itandukanye ihuriweho hamwe nibigize, byose byatangiye mumyaka mike ishize, ariko ntuzibagirwe urubingo rworoheje. Irangiza ibikorwa byayo byibanze byo guhinduranya muburyo bworoshye. Nyuma yimyaka irenga 80 yo gukoresha no kwiteza imbere, urashobora kwishingikiriza kumurongo wurubingo rwageragejwe kandi rwukuri kugirango ukore ubudahwema.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-22-2024